Soffrire di un disturbo d’ansia sociale rappresenta una condizione che aumenta la probabilità di avere dei figli che presentano vissuti e comportamenti legati all’angoscia, secondo una ricerca condotta presso il Johns Hopkins Children’s Center e che verrà pubblicata sulla rivista Child Psychiatry and Human Development. Secondo i ricercatori, le persone che soffrono di disturbo d’ansia sociale metterebbero in atto uno specifico sottoinsieme di comportamenti responsabili di aumentare i livelli di ansia nei bambini. Tra questi comportamenti, individuati dai ricercatori, sono stati inclusi anche la mancanza o l’insufficiente presenza di calore e di affetto e la tendenza a rivolgere critiche o a manifestare dubbi verso la prole.
Secondo Golda Ginsburg, esperta di disturbi di ansia all’ Hopkins Children’s Center, la gamma dei disturbi di ansia è vasta ma i comportamenti correlati all’insorgere di tratti d’ansia nei bambini sarebbero legati, nello specifico, alla presenza del disturbo d’ansia sociale ed i medici che hanno in cura genitori che presentano tale disturbo dovrebbero discutere con i loro pazienti i potenziali effetti che questa condizione può avere sulla crescità dei figli. Diversi studi hanno mostrato come l’ansia sia il complesso risultato dell’interazione tra fattori genetici e fattori ambientali e dal momento che la ricerca non ha indicato chiaramente come intervenire per modificare l’aspetto genetico è opportuno intervenire sui fattori ambientali al fine di prevenire l’insorgere di ansia nei figli di genitori ansiosi.
Sempre secondo la ricercatrice del Johns Hopkins Children’s Center,
“I bambini con una propensione ereditaria all’ansia non si limitano a diventare ansiosi a causa dei loro geni, per cui quello che ci serve sono modi per prevenire i catalizzatori ambientali – in questo caso, i comportamenti dei genitori – in grado di sbloccare i meccanismi genetici responsabili della malattia”
Allo studio hanno aderito 66 genitori ansiosi insieme al loro bambino, di età compresa tra 7 ai 12 anni. Gli adulti presentavano un disturbo d’ansia, a 21 di questi era stato precedentemente diagnosticato ansia sociale, ai restanti 45 un altro disturbo d’ansia, tra cui disturbo d’ansia generalizzato, disturbo di panico e disturbo ossessivo-compulsivo. I ricercatori, attraverso una serie di prove, hanno valutato il comportamento dei genitori nei confronti del bambino, tra cui il calore e l’affetto mostrato, l’ espressione di dubbi sulle sue prestazioni, la concessione di autonomia e l’iper-controllo. Come è stato già evidenziato, i genitori con una precedente diagnosi di disturbo di ansia sociale si mostravano meno affettuosi e calorosi nei confronti dei figli ed esprimevano dubbi nei loro confronti, in maniera significativa rispetto ai genitori a cui era stato diagnosticato un altro disturbo d’ansia. Rispetto ad altri indicatori presi in esame, come il controllo e l’autonomia di comportamento, non sono state segnalate differenze significative tra i diversi gruppi di genitori.
La prevenzione dei disturbi legati all’ansia nella prima infanzia è fondamentale, un ritardo nella diagnosi e nel trattamento favorisce lo sviluppo di disturbi e comportamenti quali depressione, abuso di sostanze e scarso rendimento scolastico.
Foto Credits | Ed Yourdon su Flickr
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